版本:Unity 6 (6000.0)
语言:英语
使用 UI Builder 和 C# 脚本创建简单的过渡
创建可在编辑器窗口之间拖动的拖放式 UI

在自定义编辑器窗口中创建拖放式 UI

版本: 2021.3+

拖放是UI(用户界面) 允许用户与您的应用程序进行交互。Unity 目前支持三种 UI 系统。更多信息
参见 术语表
设计中的常见功能。您可以使用 UI 工具包在自定义编辑器窗口或由 Unity 构建的应用程序中创建拖放式 UI。此示例演示如何在自定义编辑器窗口中创建拖放式 UI。

示例概述

此示例在自定义编辑器窗口中添加了多个插槽和一个对象。您可以将对象拖动到任何插槽中,如下所示

A preview of a drag-and-drop UI
拖放式 UI 的预览

您可以在此 GitHub 存储库中找到此示例创建的完整文件。

先决条件

本指南适用于熟悉 Unity 编辑器、UI 工具包和 C# 脚本的开发人员。在开始之前,请熟悉以下内容

创建自定义编辑器窗口

首先,从菜单中创建一个默认的自定义编辑器窗口。将菜单名称和窗口标题更改为 Drag And Drop,并删除默认标签的代码,以使 UI 更友好。

  1. 在 Unity 中使用任何模板创建一个项目。

  2. Assets 文件夹中右键单击,然后选择创建 > UI 工具包 > 编辑器窗口

  3. UI 工具包编辑器窗口创建器中,输入 DragAndDropWindow

  4. 单击确认。这将自动创建三个文件:DragAndDropWindow.csDragAndDropWindow.uxmlDragAndDropWindow.uss

  5. DragAndDropWindow.cs 的内容替换为以下内容

    using UnityEditor;
    using UnityEngine;
    using UnityEngine.UIElements;
    using UnityEditor.UIElements;
    
    public class DragAndDropWindow : EditorWindow
    {
        [MenuItem("Window/UI Toolkit/Drag And Drop")]
        public static void ShowExample()
        {
            DragAndDropWindow wnd = GetWindow<DragAndDropWindow>();
            wnd.titleContent = new GUIContent("Drag And Drop");
        }
    
        public void CreateGUI()
        {
            // Each editor window contains a root VisualElement object
            VisualElement root = rootVisualElement;
    
            // Import UXML
            var visualTree = AssetDatabase.LoadAssetAtPath<VisualTreeAsset>("Assets/Editor/DragAndDropWindow.uxml");
            VisualElement labelFromUXML = visualTree.Instantiate();
            root.Add(labelFromUXML);
    
            // A stylesheet can be added to a VisualElement.
            // The style will be applied to the VisualElement and all of its children.
            var styleSheet = AssetDatabase.LoadAssetAtPath<StyleSheet>("Assets/Editor/DragAndDropWindow.uss");
        }
    }
    

创建插槽和对象

接下来,将 UI 控件添加到您的自定义窗口

  • 一个名为 slots,有两个名为 slot_row1slot_row2 的子元素。每行应有两个名为 slot1slot2 的子元素。
  • 一个名为 object,位于与 slots 相同的级别。object 必须在 层次结构中位于 slots 之后。

将 UI 控件的样式设置为以下内容

  • 对于 slot1slot2,将它们设置为 80px X 80px 的正方形,白色背景色和圆角。将插槽对齐为两行,每行两个插槽。
  • 对于 object,将它设置为 50px X 50px 的圆形斑点,黑色背景色。

提示:为了使您的项目更有趣,您可以为对象使用背景图像。您可以在 GitHub 存储库中找到该图像 (Pouch.png)。

  1. DragAndDropWindow.uxml 的内容替换为以下内容

    <ui:UXML xmlns:ui="UnityEngine.UIElements" xmlns:uie="UnityEditor.UIElements" xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" engine="UnityEngine.UIElements" editor="UnityEditor.UIElements" noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../../../UIElementsSchema/UIElements.xsd" editor-extension-mode="False">
        <Style src="DragAndDropWindow.uss" />
        <ui:VisualElement name="slots">
            <ui:VisualElement name="slot_row1" class="slot_row">
                <ui:VisualElement name="slot1" class="slot" />
                <ui:VisualElement name="slot2" class="slot" />
            </ui:VisualElement>
            <ui:VisualElement name="slot_row2" class="slot_row">
                <ui:VisualElement name="slot1" class="slot" />
                <ui:VisualElement name="slot2" class="slot" />
            </ui:VisualElement>
        </ui:VisualElement>
        <ui:VisualElement name="object" class="object" />
    </ui:UXML>
    
  2. DragAndDropWindow.uss 的内容替换为以下内容

    .slot {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    margin: 5px;
    background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    border-top-radius: 10px;
    border-top-left-radius: 10px;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;
    border-top-right-radius: 10px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 10px;
    }
    
    .slot_row {
        flex-direction: row;
    }
    
    .object {
        width: 50px;
        height: 50px;
        position: absolute;
        left: 20px;
        top: 20px;
        border-radius: 30px;
        background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
    }
    

定义拖放逻辑

要定义拖放行为,请扩展 PointerManipulator 类并定义逻辑。编写一个构造函数来设置 target 并存储对视觉树根的引用。编写四个方法,作为 PointerDownEventPointerMoveEventPointerUpEventPointerCaptureOutEvent 的回调。实施 RegisterCallbacksOnTarget()UnregisterCallbacksFromTarget() 以从 target 注册和注销这四个回调。

  1. Editor 文件夹中,创建一个名为 DragAndDropManipulator.cs 的另一个 C# 文件。

  2. DragAndDropManipulator.cs 的内容替换为以下内容

    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;
    using UnityEngine.UIElements;
    
    public class DragAndDropManipulator : PointerManipulator
    {
        // Write a constructor to set target and store a reference to the
        // root of the visual tree.
        public DragAndDropManipulator(VisualElement target)
        {
            this.target = target;
            root = target.parent;
        }
    
        protected override void RegisterCallbacksOnTarget()
        {
            // Register the four callbacks on target.
            target.RegisterCallback<PointerDownEvent>(PointerDownHandler);
            target.RegisterCallback<PointerMoveEvent>(PointerMoveHandler);
            target.RegisterCallback<PointerUpEvent>(PointerUpHandler);
            target.RegisterCallback<PointerCaptureOutEvent>(PointerCaptureOutHandler);
        }
    
        protected override void UnregisterCallbacksFromTarget()
        {
            // Un-register the four callbacks from target.
            target.UnregisterCallback<PointerDownEvent>(PointerDownHandler);
            target.UnregisterCallback<PointerMoveEvent>(PointerMoveHandler);
            target.UnregisterCallback<PointerUpEvent>(PointerUpHandler);
            target.UnregisterCallback<PointerCaptureOutEvent>(PointerCaptureOutHandler);
        }
    
        private Vector2 targetStartPosition { get; set; }
    
        private Vector3 pointerStartPosition { get; set; }
    
        private bool enabled { get; set; }
    
        private VisualElement root { get; }
    
        // This method stores the starting position of target and the pointer,
        // makes target capture the pointer, and denotes that a drag is now in progress.
        private void PointerDownHandler(PointerDownEvent evt)
        {
            targetStartPosition = target.transform.position;
            pointerStartPosition = evt.position;
            target.CapturePointer(evt.pointerId);
            enabled = true;
        }
    
        // This method checks whether a drag is in progress and whether target has captured the pointer.
        // If both are true, calculates a new position for target within the bounds of the window.
        private void PointerMoveHandler(PointerMoveEvent evt)
        {
            if (enabled && target.HasPointerCapture(evt.pointerId))
            {
                Vector3 pointerDelta = evt.position - pointerStartPosition;
    
                target.transform.position = new Vector2(
                    Mathf.Clamp(targetStartPosition.x + pointerDelta.x, 0, target.panel.visualTree.worldBound.width),
                    Mathf.Clamp(targetStartPosition.y + pointerDelta.y, 0, target.panel.visualTree.worldBound.height));
            }
        }
    
        // This method checks whether a drag is in progress and whether target has captured the pointer.
        // If both are true, makes target release the pointer.
        private void PointerUpHandler(PointerUpEvent evt)
        {
            if (enabled && target.HasPointerCapture(evt.pointerId))
            {
                target.ReleasePointer(evt.pointerId);
            }
        }
    
        // This method checks whether a drag is in progress. If true, queries the root
        // of the visual tree to find all slots, decides which slot is the closest one
        // that overlaps target, and sets the position of target so that it rests on top
        // of that slot. Sets the position of target back to its original position
        // if there is no overlapping slot.
        private void PointerCaptureOutHandler(PointerCaptureOutEvent evt)
        {
            if (enabled)
            {
                VisualElement slotsContainer = root.Q<VisualElement>("slots");
                UQueryBuilder<VisualElement> allSlots =
                    slotsContainer.Query<VisualElement>(className: "slot");
                UQueryBuilder<VisualElement> overlappingSlots =
                    allSlots.Where(OverlapsTarget);
                VisualElement closestOverlappingSlot =
                    FindClosestSlot(overlappingSlots);
                Vector3 closestPos = Vector3.zero;
                if (closestOverlappingSlot != null)
                {
                    closestPos = RootSpaceOfSlot(closestOverlappingSlot);
                    closestPos = new Vector2(closestPos.x - 5, closestPos.y - 5);
                }
                target.transform.position =
                    closestOverlappingSlot != null ?
                    closestPos :
                    targetStartPosition;
    
                enabled = false;
            }
        }
    
        private bool OverlapsTarget(VisualElement slot)
        {
            return target.worldBound.Overlaps(slot.worldBound);
        }
    
        private VisualElement FindClosestSlot(UQueryBuilder<VisualElement> slots)
        {
            List<VisualElement> slotsList = slots.ToList();
            float bestDistanceSq = float.MaxValue;
            VisualElement closest = null;
            foreach (VisualElement slot in slotsList)
            {
                Vector3 displacement =
                    RootSpaceOfSlot(slot) - target.transform.position;
                float distanceSq = displacement.sqrMagnitude;
                if (distanceSq < bestDistanceSq)
                {
                    bestDistanceSq = distanceSq;
                    closest = slot;
                }
            }
            return closest;
        }
    
        private Vector3 RootSpaceOfSlot(VisualElement slot)
        {
            Vector2 slotWorldSpace = slot.parent.LocalToWorld(slot.layout.position);
            return root.WorldToLocal(slotWorldSpace);
        }
    }
    

实例化拖放行为

要在自定义窗口中启用拖放,请在窗口打开时实例化它。

  1. DragAndDropWindow.cs 中,将以下内容添加到 CreateGUI() 方法中以实例化 DragAndDropManipulator

    DragAndDropManipulator manipulator =
        new(rootVisualElement.Q<VisualElement>("object"));
    
  2. 从菜单栏中,选择窗口 > UI 工具包 > 拖放。在打开的自定义编辑器窗口中,您可以将对象拖动到任何插槽中。

其他资源

使用 UI Builder 和 C# 脚本创建简单的过渡
创建可在编辑器窗口之间拖动的拖放式 UI